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Who Did The Animals Represent In Life Of Pi

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Novel past Yann Martel

This article is well-nigh the novel past Yann Martel. For the picture based on the novel and directed by Ang Lee, run across Life of Pi (film).

Life of Pi
Life of Pi cover.png

Life of Pi encompass
Author Yann Martel
Original championship Life of Pi
Country Canada
Language English
Genre Philosophical fiction
Publisher Knopf Canada

Publication appointment

 xi September 2001 (2001-09-xi) (Canada)
ISBN 0-676-97376-0 (beginning edition, hardcover)
OCLC 46624335
Preceded by Self
Followed by Beatrice and Virgil

Life of Pi is a Canadian philosophical novel by Yann Martel published in 2001. The protagonist is Piscine Molitor "Pi" Patel, an Indian male child from Pondicherry who explores issues of spirituality and metaphysics from an early historic period. He survives 227 days after a shipwreck while stranded on a lifeboat in the Pacific Ocean with a Bengal tiger which raises questions about the nature of reality and how it is perceived and told.

The novel has sold more than ten million copies worldwide.[1] It was rejected by at least 5 London publishing houses[2] before being accepted by Knopf Canada, which published it in September 2001. The United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland edition won the Human Booker Prize for Fiction the post-obit twelvemonth.[3] [4] [5] Information technology was also chosen for CBC Radio's Canada Reads 2003, where information technology was championed by author Nancy Lee.[6]

The French translation L'Histoire de Pi was called in the French CBC version of the contest Le Combat des livres, where it was championed past Louise Forestier.[7] The novel won the 2003 Boeke Prize, a South African novel accolade. In 2004, it won the Asian/Pacific American Honour for Literature in Best Adult Fiction for years 2001–2003.[8] In 2012 it was adapted into a feature film directed by Ang Lee with a screenplay by David Magee.

Plot [edit]

The book begins with a note from the writer, which is an integral office of the novel. Unusually, the note describes mostly fictional events. Information technology serves to establish and enforce one of the book'southward main themes: the relativity of truth.

Part i [edit]

The narrator, Piscine, grows up as the son of the manager of a zoo in Pondicherry. While later recounting his life there, he proffers insight on the antagonism of zoos and expresses his thoughts on why animals react less negatively than proponents of the idea suggest.

The narrator describes how he acquired his full name as a tribute to the swimming puddle in France. Later on hearing schoolmates tease him by transforming the first name into "Pissing", he establishes the short form of his proper name as "Pi" when he starts secondary school. The name, he says, pays tribute to the transcendental number which is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

In recounting his experiences, Pi describes several other unusual situations involving proper names: two visitors to the zoo, one a devout Muslim, and the other a committed atheist, bear identical names; and a 450-pound tiger at the zoo bears the name Richard Parker every bit the outcome of a clerical error which switched the tiger'south proper name with the proper noun of his homo captor.[9]

1 solar day, Pi and his older brother Ravi are given an impromptu lesson on the dangers of the animals kept at the zoo. Information technology opens with a goat beingness fed to some other tiger, followed past a family tour of the zoo on which his father explains the aggressive biological features of each animal.

Pi is raised as a Hindu who practices vegetarianism. At the age of fourteen, he investigates Christianity and Islam, and decides to go an adherent of all three religions, much to his parents' dismay (and his religious mentors' frustration), proverb he "just wants to honey God".[10] He tries to understand God through the lens of each organized religion, and comes to recognize benefits in each one.

A few years later in February 1976, during the period when Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declares "The Emergency", Pi'south father decides to sell the zoo and immigrate with his wife and sons to Canada.

Part two [edit]

The 2nd part of the novel begins with Pi'southward family aboard the Tsimtsum, a Japanese freighter that is transporting animals from their zoo to North America. A few days out of port from Manila, the transport encounters a storm and sinks. Pi manages to escape in a small lifeboat, only to learn that the boat besides holds a spotted hyena, an injured Grant'south zebra, and an orangutan named Orange Juice. Much to the boy'southward distress, the hyena kills the zebra and then Orange Juice. A tiger has been hiding under the boat's tarpaulin: it is Richard Parker, who had boarded the lifeboat with clashing assistance from Pi himself some time before the hyena attack. Suddenly emerging from his hideaway, Richard Parker kills and eats the hyena.

Frightened, Pi constructs a pocket-size raft out of rescue flotation devices, tethers it to the bow of the boat and makes information technology his place of retirement. He begins conditioning Richard Parker to accept a submissive role by using food as a positive reinforcer, and seasickness every bit a punishment machinery, while using a whistle for signals. Presently, Pi asserts himself as the alpha animal, and is eventually able to share the gunkhole with his feline companion, albeit in the end that Richard Parker is the one who helped him survive his ordeal.

Pi recounts various events while adrift in the Pacific Ocean. At his lowest point, exposure renders him blind and unable to take hold of fish. In a state of delirium, he talks with a marine "repeat", which he initially identifies as Richard Parker having gained the power to speak, but information technology turns out to be another blind castaway, a Frenchman, who boards the lifeboat with the intention of killing and eating Pi, just is immediately killed by Richard Parker.

Some fourth dimension later, Pi'south gunkhole comes ashore on a floating island network of algae inhabited by hundreds of thousands of meerkats. Soon, Pi and Richard Parker regain forcefulness, but the boy'due south discovery of the carnivorous nature of the isle's constitute life forces him to return to the ocean.

Two hundred and 20-seven days after the send's sinking, the lifeboat washes onto a beach in Mexico, later on which Richard Parker disappears into the nearby jungle without looking dorsum, leaving Pi heartbroken at the precipitous adieu.

Part three [edit]

The third office of the novel describes a conversation between Pi and two officials from the Japanese Ministry of Transport, who are conducting an enquiry into the shipwreck. They meet him at the hospital in United mexican states where he is recovering. Pi tells them his tale, simply the officials pass up it as unbelievable. Pi and then offers them a second story in which he is adrift on a lifeboat not with zoo animals, simply with the transport's cook, a Taiwanese sailor with a broken leg, and his own mother. The melt amputates the sailor's leg for employ every bit fishing allurement, and so kills the sailor as well as Pi's mother for food. Soon after, the melt is killed by Pi, who dines on him.

The investigators note parallels betwixt the two stories. They shortly conclude that the hyena symbolizes the cook, the zebra the sailor, the orangutan Pi's mother, and the tiger represents Pi. Pi points out that neither story can be proven and neither explains the cause of the shipwreck, so he asks the officials which story they prefer: the one without animals or the one with animals. They finally choose the story with the animals. Pi thanks them and says: "And and so information technology goes with God." The investigators then leave and file a study expressing belief in the outset story.

Themes [edit]

Martel has said that Life of Pi can be summarized in three statements: "Life is a story"; "You tin can cull your story"; "A story with God is the ameliorate story".[11] Gordon Houser suggests that there are two main themes of the book: "that all life is interdependent, and that nosotros live and breathe via belief ."[12]

Inspiration [edit]

Martel said in a 2002 interview with PBS that he was "looking for a story… that would straight my life".[13] He spoke of being lonely and needing direction in his life, and he found that writing the novel met this need.[xiv]

Richard Parker and shipwreck narratives [edit]

The name Richard Parker for the tiger was inspired by a character in Edgar Allan Poe's nautical take chances novel The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket (1838). Richard Parker is a mutineer who is stranded and eventually cannibalized on the hull of an overturned ship, and there is a canis familiaris aboard who is named Tiger. Martel also had another occurrence in mind in the famous legal case R v Dudley and Stephens (1884), where a shipwreck again results in the cannibalism of a motel male child named Richard Parker, this time in a lifeboat.[fifteen] A 3rd Richard Parker drowned in the sinking of the Francis Spaight in 1846, described past writer Jack London, and afterwards the cabin boy was cannibalized. "And then many victimized Richard Parkers had to mean something", Martel suggested.[16] [17]

Moacyr Scliar [edit]

Martel has mentioned that a book review of Brazilian author Moacyr Scliar'south 1981 novella Max and the Cats accounts in part for his novel's premise. Scliar's story describes a Jewish-German refugee crossing the Atlantic Bounding main with a jaguar in his gunkhole.[eighteen] [19] Scliar said that he was perplexed that Martel "used the idea without consulting or even informing me," and indicated that he was reviewing the situation before deciding whether to take any activeness in response.[20] [21] After talking with Martel, Scliar elected not to pursue the matter.[22] A dedication to Scliar "for the spark of life" appears in the author's notation of Life of Pi. Literary reviews have described the similarities every bit superficial between Life of Pi and Max and the Cats. Reviewer Peter Yan wrote: "Reading the two books side-by-side, one realizes how inadequate bald plot summaries are in conveying the unique imaginative affect of each book,"[23] and noted that Martel'due south distinctive narrative structure is not found in Scliar'due south novella. The themes of the books are too dissimilar, with Max and the Cats being a metaphor for Nazism.[24] In Life of Pi, 211 of 354 pages are devoted to Pi'south experience in the lifeboat, compared to 17 of 99 pages in Max and the Cats depicting time spent in a lifeboat.[24]

Characters [edit]

Piscine Molitor "Pi" Patel [edit]

He acquires layer subsequently layer of various spirituality and brilliantly synthesizes it into a personal belief system and devotional life that is breathtaking in its depth and telescopic. His youthful exploration into comparative organized religion culminates in a magnificent epiphany of sorts.

—Phoebe Kate Foster of PopMatters [25]

Piscine Molitor Patel, known to all as but "Pi", is the narrator and protagonist of the novel. He was named after a swimming pool in Paris, despite the fact that neither his mother nor his male parent particularly liked swimming. The story is told as a narrative from the perspective of a middle-aged Pi, at present married with his own family, and living in Canada. At the time of primary events of the story, he is xvi years one-time. He recounts the story of his life and his 227-day journey on a lifeboat when the ship he sailed sinks in the heart of the Pacific Bounding main during a voyage to North America.

Richard Parker [edit]

Richard Parker is an adult Bengal tiger who is stranded on the lifeboat with Pi when the transport sinks. Richard Parker lives on the lifeboat with Pi and is kept alive with the food and water Pi delivers. Richard Parker develops a human relationship with Pi that allows them to coexist in their struggle.

In the novel, a hunter named Richard Parker is hired to kill a panther that has been terrorising the people of a small village in People's republic of bangladesh and idea to have killed vii people inside two months. Instead, he accidentally immobilizes a female Bengal tiger with tranquilizer darts while her cub is caught hiding in a bush. Parker names the cub Thirsty after his enthusiasm when drinking from a nearby river. The paperwork that accompanies the shipment of the two tigers to Pi's family'due south zoo in Pondicherry states that the cub's name is "Richard Parker" and the hunter'due south given proper name is "Thirsty" and his surname is "None Given", due to a mix-up with the names. Pi's father finds the story so amusing that they continue to phone call the tiger "Richard Parker".

Reception [edit]

Brian Bethune of Maclean's describes Life of Pi as a "head-scratching combination of dumbo religious apologue, zoological lore and enthralling adventure tale, written with warmth and grace".[26] Chief Plots suggested that the "primal themes of Life of Pi business organisation religion and homo religion in God".[27] Reutter said, "Then believable is Pi's story telling that readers volition be amazed."[28] Gregory Stephens added that it "achieves something more than quietly spectacular."[29] Smith stated that in that location was "no artifice here."[30] Gary Krist of The New York Times praised the book, but added that at times Martel "pushes the didactic calendar of his story too hard."[31]

In 2010, U.South. President Barack Obama wrote a letter directly to Martel, describing Life of Pi as "an elegant proof of God, and the power of storytelling."[32]

Adaptations [edit]

Illustrated edition [edit]

The starting time edition of Life of Pi was illustrated past Andy Bridge. In October 2005, a worldwide competition was launched to find an artist to illustrate Life of Pi. The competition was run by Scottish publisher Canongate Books and United kingdom paper The Times, as well as Australian newspaper The Age and Canadian newspaper The Globe and Postal service. Croation artist Tomislav Torjanac was chosen equally the illustrator for the new edition, which was published in September 2007.[33] [34] [35]

Film adaptation [edit]

A 2012 adaptation directed by Ang Lee and based on an adjusted screenplay by David Magee was given a wide release in the United States on 21 November 2012. At the 85th Academy Awards, it won four awards from eleven nominations, including All-time Director.

Theatrical adaptations [edit]

This novel has as well been adapted every bit a play by Keith Robinson, creative director of the youth-oriented Twisting Yarn Theatre Company. Andy Rashleigh wrote the adaptation, which was directed by Keith Robinson. The premier/original cast independent merely six actors – Tony Hasnath (Pi), Taresh Solanki (Richard Parker), Melody Chocolate-brown (Mother), Conor Alexander (Male parent), Sanjay Shalat (Brother) and Marking Pearce (Uncle).[36] The play was produced at the Alhambra Theatre in Bradford, England, in 2003.[37] The company toured England and Ireland with the play in 2004 and 2007.

Keith Robinson also directed a second version of the play. He brought some of his company to work with students of the BA (Hons) Drama, Applied Theatre and Instruction Course at the Central School of Speech and Drama. The joint product was performed at the Minack Theatre, in Cornwall, England, in late June 2008.[38]

A new adaptation by Lolita Chakrabarti premiered at the Crucible Theatre, Sheffield in June 2019.[39] It was directed past Max Webster, with puppetry and motility directed by Finn Caldwell. Unanimously well received by critics,[40] the play opened in November 2021 at Wyndham'south Theatre, Westward End.[41] In 2022, the production won 5 Olivier Awards including Best New Play,[42] and subsquetly extended to Oct 2022.[43]

References [edit]

  1. ^ Miller, Daniel (eighteen February 2013). "'Life of Pi' a surprise success story around the earth". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  2. ^ Gibbons, Fiachra (24 Oct 2002). "Elevation publishers rejected Booker winner". The Guardian. U.k.. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  3. ^ "Life of Pi". Man Booker Prize. Archived from the original on 2 Dec 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  4. ^ Kipen, David (23 October 2002). "Canadian wins Booker Prize / 'Life of Pi' is tale of a male child who floats across the ocean from Republic of india". San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  5. ^ Reynolds, Nigel (30 September 2002). "Life of Pi wins Booker". The Daily Telegraph. United kingdom. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
  6. ^ "Canada Reads 2003". Canada Reads. Retrieved one September 2010.
  7. ^ "Martel seeks tranquility of Saskatoon". CBC News. Retrieved 1 September 2010. [ dead link ]
  8. ^ "Asian Pacific American Accolade for Literature (APAAL) 2001–2003". APAAL. Archived from the original on six February 2009. Retrieved 19 Oct 2010.
  9. ^ Martel, p. 14
  10. ^ Martel, p. 69
  11. ^ Renton, Jennie. "Yann Martel Interview". Textualities. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  12. ^ Houser, Gordon (2003). "The Life of Pi". The Christian Century. 120 (three): 34+. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  13. ^ Martel, Yann (11 Nov 2002). "Conversation: Life of PI". PBS NewsHour (Interview). Interviewed by Ray Suarez. PBS. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  14. ^ Martel, Yann (27 Oct 2002). "Triumph of a castaway adrift in the sea of his imagination". The Sunday Times. United kingdom. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  15. ^ Oldsaltblog.com
  16. ^ "Yann Martel on tigers, cannibals and Edgar Allan Poe". Canongate Books. 14 May 2002. Archived from the original on 18 March 2008. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  17. ^ Martel, Yann. "How Richard Parker Came to Get His Name". Amazon.com. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  18. ^ "From the Author – Yann Martel – Powell'due south Books". Powells.com. Archived from the original on 14 Jan 2013. Retrieved thirty December 2012.
  19. ^ Mitgang, Herbert (11 July 1990). "Books of The Times; Fleeing the Nazis With a Jaguar That May Be Existent". The New York Times . Retrieved ii September 2010.
  20. ^ Rohter, Larry (11 July 1990). "Tiger in a Lifeboat, Panther in a Lifeboat: A Furor Over a Novel". The New York Times . Retrieved 2 September 2010.
  21. ^ Veja.abril.com
  22. ^ Scliar, Moacyr (xvi July 2006). "Writers & Company" (Interview). Interviewed past Eleanor Wachtel. CBC Radio 1.
  23. ^ "Review". Books in Canada. Retrieved xxx December 2012.
  24. ^ a b Stratton, Florence (6 June 2004). ""Hollow at the core": Deconstructing Yann Martel's Life of Pi | Stratton | Studies in Canadian Literature". Studies in Canadian Literature. Journals.hil.unb.ca. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  25. ^ Foster, Phoebe Kate (4 September 2002). "Life of Pi: A Novel by Yann Martel". PopMatters. London. Retrieved 27 Baronial 2011.
  26. ^ Bethune, Brian (13 April 2010). "The missing half of Yann Martel'south new novel: His program for his long-awaited follow-up to 'Life of Pi' didn't quite piece of work out". Maclean'south . Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  27. ^ Cockeram, Paul (November 2010). "Life of Pi". Principal Plots four Edition: 1–3.
  28. ^ Reutter, Vicki (2004). "Martel, Yann. Life of Pi". School Library Journal.
  29. ^ Stephens, Gregory (xiv May 2013). "Feeding tiger, finding God: science, religion, and 'the better story' in Life of Pi". ane. 14.
  30. ^ Smith, Jean (2003). "Yann Martel. Life of Pi". The Review of Contemporary Fiction. 23 (1).
  31. ^ Krist, Gary (7 July 2002). "Taming the Tiger". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
  32. ^ "Life of Pi author Martel hears from Obama". Saskatoon StarPhoenix. Winnipeg Gratuitous Press. viii April 2010. Retrieved half dozen September 2011.
  33. ^ "Life of Pi: The Illustrated Edition by Yann Martel and Tomislav Torjanac". The Sunday Times. Great britain. 15 September 2007. Archived from the original on 21 May 2009. Retrieved nineteen October 2010.
  34. ^ Martel, Yann (15 Apr 2006). "A brush with the art of Pi". The Sunday Times. UK. Archived from the original on xvi June 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  35. ^ "The Illustrated Life of Pi". The Guardian. UK. 27 September 2007. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  36. ^ Cooper, Neil (15 March 2007). "Life of Pi, Citizens' Theatre, Glasgow". The Herald . Retrieved xix October 2010.
  37. ^ "A remarkable journey from novel to stage". Yorkshire Mail service. 6 December 2004. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  38. ^ "Production which goes for the jugular". This is Cornwall. Northcliffe Media. 18 June 2008. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
  39. ^ "Life of Pi review at Crucible Theatre, Sheffield – 'pure theatrical magic'". The stage . Retrieved eighteen July 2019.
  40. ^ "'It'due south a hit' - 5-star reviews for Life of Pi on phase in Sheffield". BBC News. 10 July 2019.
  41. ^ "Delfont Mackintosh Theatres".
  42. ^ "Olivier awards 2022: the full list of winners". The Guardian. 10 Apr 2022. Retrieved 13 Apr 2022.
  43. ^ "Life of Pi extends booking to 30th October 2022". London Box Office. 6 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.

Bibliography [edit]

  • Busby, Brian (2003). Character Parts: Who's Really Who in CanLit. Toronto: Knopf. ISBN0-676-97579-8.
  • Davies, Hugh (September 2002). "£50,000 Booker winner 'stole thought from Brazilian author'". London: Telegraph Grouping. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.
  • Dwyer, June (2005). "Yann Martel'southward Life of Pi and the Evolution of the Shipwreck Narrative". Modernistic Language Studies. 35 (2): 9–21. doi:10.2307/30039823. JSTOR 30039823.
  • "May Richard Parker be always at your side". The Guardian. Britain. November 2002.
  • Fialkoff, Francine (December 2002). "Too Sensitized to Plagiarism?". Library Journal.
  • McMurtrie, John (October 2005). "French managing director swept away by 'Life of Pi'". San Francisco Chronicle.
  • Varughese, Samson (Feb 2013). "Does "The Life of Pi" Prove the existence of God?". TheMinistryRookie.com. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2013.

External links [edit]

  • Jennie Renton Interview textualities.net "Life is a story. You tin cull your story. A story with God is the meliorate story."
  • Guardian Q&A
  • Interview on Radio Praha
  • The story behind the Illustrated Life of Pi
Reviews
  • The Guardian review by Justine Jordan
  • London Review of Books
  • BBC News Entertainment
  • Motion picture Review of Life Of Pi at Funbench.com
  • Dan Schneider at Hack Writers

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_of_Pi

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